Examine the differences and similarities between European and Arabic Essay

Examine the differences and similarities between European and Arabic romanticism. Illustrate your answer with examples - Essay Example We might begin by distilling some of the central themes and features of the Romantic Movement in Europe. It first gained prominent in the later 18th century, as the Continent felt the pressures of rapid economic development, although it was with the industrialization of the 19th century that Romanticism reached its most influential period. Confronted with the transformation of life in Europe, with rapid industrialization and urbanization changing the very landscape, many authors, artists and others looked to strong emotion as a response, while the basic themes of literature were transformed. A preoccupation with nature in its wildest, untamed and purest form became a widespread concern in literary circles, while remembrance of a simpler, pastoral past was also a common subject. At the same time, there was a new focus on women and children, and on the heroic role of the storyteller or the artist as an important cultural figure, whose position should be exalted in society. All of this constituted a clear break with much of what had gone before it in European culture, but the issue before us here is whether this movement took on a similar character in Arabic literature, when a movement which has been characterized as ‘Romanticism’ arose there. A crucial difference between Arabic and European Romanticism is surely the time and circumstances of their inception. As noted above, European Romanticism was born of a period of extreme socioeconomic change in the region, and reached its height in the 19th century. Arabic Romanticism, by contrast, arose much later, with its zenith usually placed in the period between the First and Second World Wars. By the time Arabic Romanticism was having a major impact, European Romanticism had long since ceased to be a dynamic force. For example, al-Shadi was living in England as T. S. Eliot wrote, but was mainly interested in Victorian and Romantic poetry. Badawi (1985) formulates several possible reasons for the Arabic in terest in Romanticism rather than newer cultural movements in Europe. Chief among these is that it was still perhaps the most popular movement, and was ‘more spontaneous and emotional in its appeal’ (p.125). Perhaps they also identified with its aims, in making a break with previous European literary traditions, as they themselves sought to innovate in their own language. Also, Arabic Romanticism was at its height in a period of political, cultural and socioeconomic change for the Middle East, and shares that with the European movement. The circumstances were different for sure, with Arab nationalism and pan-Arabism, which flourished under European colonialism, as well as the rise of an urban middle class, being major changes, but movements found their roots in revolutionary periods. Of course, Arabic Romanticism, despite many similarities of theme and preoccupation, also differed in its aims. A major concern was its search for cultural identity, in a Middle East which was increasingly being westernized. The role of the Mahjar poets – those who had left for the Americas in search of cultural freedom and economic opportunity, also displayed some unique themes. A feeling of homesickness runs through many of their compositions. However,

Reflective Analysis Essay Example for Free

Reflective Analysis Essay In my short story entitled, ‘Words Haunt Me,’ the language registers and variations in the short story as well as attitudes to language and communicative behaviour of the characters will be discussed. Throughout the story, an intimate register was used between Romain and Rae-Ann. This is because they are very comfortable with each other. Additionally, it is the language marked by specialized words and expressions as seen when Rae-Ann says â€Å"It’s going to be alright babe.† However, a more formal tone is exchanged between Romain and Mr. and Mrs. Carmino. This is level of formality may have been adopted because Romain was meeting them for the first time. This is apparent as Romain declares â€Å"Good evening Mr. and Mrs. Carmino, a pleasure to meet you!† Mr. and Mrs. Carmino spoke Standard English using theacrolect variation as seen in this example â€Å"So what are your intentions with my daughter young man.† Their choice of language may have been because of their ‘upper class status’. However, Romain spokecreole at intervals throughout the passage and at some intervals even exclaiming inbas ilect as he was emotionally aroused. The comfort at which he spokebas ilect leads one to believe that this is his first language of choice and he is very comfortable with it as evident in the many features of the creole structuring such as the use of ‘mi’ as a subject adjective and the replacement of the ‘th’ with the‘d’ as seen in the example ‘Dere is nuting wrong wit de way I speak!’ Theattitudes formulated to language vary given a person’s perception. In the extract, Mr. Carmino despises the creole used by Romain. He considers acrolect/ Standard English superior tocr eole. He indicates this by saying â€Å"â€Å"You speak the language of the underdogs.† Romain on the other hand, defends his language as he sees nothing wrong with it. He also, associates Standard English with a higher class†¦ ‘Corporate world.’ An example of a communicative behaviour which was exhibited throughout the passage is gestures. Romain wiping his hands showed his nervousness while Mr. Carmino’s stern handshake is interpreted as a sign of authority. Other communicative behaviours included facial expressions as seen when Mr. Carmino’s ‘eyebrows frowned together which illustrates his anger and also through vocalics when Romain raised his voice to show his frustration. In attempting to analyse my second reflective I have looked at the relationship between a person’s dialectal variations, choice of register, attitude to language and communicative behaviours, all of which are important in communication.

Fra Angelico :: essays research papers

Fra Angelico/Beato, was the name given to the Dominican friar and early renaissance artist, Fra Giovanni Guido di Piero for his extraordinary works and personal piety. He was born in Vicchio, Tuscany, and had begun his artistic career as an illuminator of missals and other religious related books in his late teens. In 1417, he was accepted as a member of the Compasniadisan Niccolo, a religious confraternity in the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine, which was an implicit recognition of his Christian piety. Here he was prohibited from painting, and therefore resigned from the order and joined the community of San Dominico to become a Dominican friar in 1420, where his brother Fra Benedetto also joined and was ordained as a priest. It was in this place that Fra Angelico had begun his first works on altar pieces and frescoes such as The Annunciation, and had adopted the name Frate Giovanni de' San Domeico da Fiesole (Fra Giovanni of the friars of San Dominico in Fiesole). He was one of the first friars who employed for working on convents other than his own. By the time he was the age of twenty-five, Fra Angelico was already a well known master painter. At the time Florence was the ideal area for Renaissance artwork. So Fra Angelico along with other Fiesole friars, moved to the convent of San Marco in Florence around 1436. In 1445 however, he went to Rome as a request by Pope Eugenius IV. Eventually Fra Angelico returns to his Fiesole, and passes away in March 1455. Unlike many other artists of those times, Fra Angelico used effective artistic techniques such as devout facial expressions, convincing usage of color, motion, deep spacing, usage of a linear perspective, all combined with the influence of the decorative Gothic style of Gentile da Fabriano, which made him one of the foremost painters of the Renaissance. It was also said that his work was inspired by the preaching of another Dominican known as Fra Manfredida Vercelli, and since all his work consisted of Christian relevance, his Christian spirituality is manifested in his art. One of Fra Angelico's more well known piece of work, is the painting of The Last Judgement, which was a piece for the back of a seat for the priest to use at the Mass. It was most probably commissioned by the Florentine church of Santa Maria degli Angeli.

Homosexuals and James Baldwins Role in the Civil Rights Movement Essay

During the Civil Rights Movement, James Baldwin wrote many articles and essays on racial issues. His unique and powerful style invoked the thoughts of many people. What also made Baldwin stand out from others was his homosexuality. Baldwin wrote several essays and novels that had a homosexual theme rooted within the story. It was through this method that Baldwin was able to express his homosexuality and at the same time present a view of black culture that was highly unacceptable during that time period. His works gave him much widespread attention but essentially he was not recognized as a prominent leader of the movement. This was a result of stereotyped images of homosexuals and the desire for African American men to align themselves with the image of being powerful and very masculine. Because African Americans were in the struggle for equality and power here in America, to have a homosexual, who is stereotyped to have effeminate features, might prove detrimenta l in the drive for equality. There were a lot of things going on during the 1960s. The Civil Rights Movement was in full steam and the push for African American quality was greater than ever. The mass of appeal for protest was overwhelming and it spread to other causes as well. Movement could be found in other minority groups, women, and homosexuals as well. This period in time was unique because change was being encouraged and many people took advantage of it. James Baldwin was no exception to this motion of change. During this time period he produced many essays and novels, some of which contained a homosexual theme. He was bold in his move because he was one of a few among many who dealt with the topic. It was only until r... ...among other writers in the literary circle and in a sense became a leader that way. In more recent times, Baldwin has been given much praise for his work, he fueled other writers to follow suit and write about issues like race and sexuality. Hopefully his works will continue to be passed on to others and will open the minds and hearts of many. Works Cited Boykin, Keith. One More River to Cross New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1996. Holland, Sharon P. â€Å"(Pro)Creating Imaginative Spaces and Other Queer Acts: Randall Kenan’s A Visitation of Spirits and Its Revival of James Bladwin’s Absent Black Gay Man in Giovanni’s Room.† McBride 265-87. McBride, Dwight A., ed. James Baldwin Now. New York: New York U P, 1999. Spurlin, William J. â€Å"Culture, Rhetoric, and Queer Identity: James Baldwin and the Identity Politics of Race and Sexuality.† McBride 103-21.

Vw Strategy India

Marketing Solutions Volkswagen India Case Study Innovative campaign inspires 2,700 car recommendations in 4 weeks Volkswagen (VW) is one of the world’s leading automobile manufacturers and the largest carmaker in Europe. As Volkswagen pursues its goal of becoming the number one automaker in the world by 2018, India has become a key component of its strategy. India is currently the world’s second fastest growing car market, with shipments expected to more than double by 2018. As a relatively recent entry into the Indian automotive market, VW needed to raise brand awareness. To address this challenge, Volkswagen’s marketing team focused one of its key brand pillars, innovation, to make a strong impact throughout the roll-out in India. Innovation was showcased not only in Volkswagen’s product introductions, but also in its communications and advertising. Challenge †¢ Create brand awareness among working professionals †¢ Build loyalty and aspiration †¢ In uence decision-making Solution †¢ Establish †¢ Enable VW-branded Company Page on LinkedIn LinkedIn members to recommend their favorite VW models †¢ Use LinkedIn Recommendation Ads to extend reach Innovative marketing strategies raise awareness VW India created groundbreaking campaigns such as the world’s rst ‘talking newspaper’, which used light-sensitive chips to speak to readers about Volkswagen as they turned the pages of their morning newspaper. The talking newspaper ad created a sensation in India, and garnered worldwide attention for taking print advertising to a new level. In one year, brand awareness ore than quadrupled, increasing from 8 percent to a high of 37 percent. Volkswagen next turned to digital media to extend its success and create new opportunities for customers to connect with the brand. Lutz Kothe, Head of Marketing for VW India, says, â€Å"At Volkswagen, innovation is woven into everything we do. In formulating our digital strategy, we looked beyond the obvious for innovative ways to eng age our audience. We knew that for many people, their car affects their professional life and their professional identity affects their car choices. This made LinkedIn a natural choice to connect with current and potential car buyers among the growing Indian professional population. † 1 Why LinkedIn? †¢ #1 resource for career-minded professionals †¢ Precise targeting by seniority and geography ensures match with affordability criteria, dealership locations Results †¢ 2,700 †¢ 2,300 product recommendations in 30 days new followers on VW India Company Page †¢ 960,000 viral updates about VW car models †Indian car market growth second fastest globally,† The Times of India, Jan 12, 2011; IHS Global Insight Automotive Industry Analysis, (data status: 07/02/11), rounded. Recommendation Ads get people talking Next, Volkswagen launched a series of Recommendation Ads encouraging more customers to join the conversation. Each ad showcased endorsements of actual LinkedIn members, and invited the community to recommend their favorite Volkswagen model. Volkswagen used LinkedIn’s broad reach (100 million members worldwide, 9 million in India) and precise targeting capabilities to connect with professionals who matched the buyer pro les for their different models. Lutz Kothe said, â€Å"Volkswagen was the rst company in India to use LinkedIn Recommendation Ads, and the campaign was a success. We went in with a goal of inspiring 500 recommendations among current and prospective car buyers. In less than 30 days, over 2,700 Volkswagen fans had stepped forward to recommend their favorite cars and share these recommendations with their professional networks. In the same time period, we gained over 2,300 followers who asked to stay abreast of the latest news and developments from Volkswagen. Kothe concludes, â€Å"In a world where people spend an increasing amount of time at work, thinking about work, and interacting with their work colleagues, we believe it’s important to foster discussion about Volkswagen products in a professional context. Our innovative partnership with LinkedIn lets our customers learn about Volkswagen products and provides insights†. LinkedIn Recommendations are ‘Network Aware,’ allowing members to see who in their professional network has recommended VW products Engaging working professionals on LinkedIn LinkedIn approached Volkswagen India with an opportunity to be the rst auto major to establish a presence on LinkedIn Company Pages. ‘Company Pages’ provide a branded home base within the LinkedIn community where businesses can showcase their company, products, and services in a trusted, professional environment. Volkswagen India participated in the worldwide launch of Company Pages in November 2010, and soon thereafter opened up their pages to allow LinkedIn members to post reviews and recommendations of their car line in India including the New Beetle, Vento, and Polo. Mr. Lutz Kothe, Head of Marketing & PR, Volkswagen Passenger Cars says â€Å"We were pleasantly surprised to see how easy it was to create our Company Page on LinkedIn and start engaging with customers among the LinkedIn community. Furthermore, the quality of interaction was very high. Recommendation Ads accelerate results 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Week 0 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Launch of Recommendation Ads LinkedIn member-generated recommendations of VW car models increased dramatically with the launch the recommendation ad campaign. Over 2,700 Volkswagen fans recommended their favorite car models to their professional network in just four weeks. Sample Volkswagen recommendation ad featuring the new Beetle Reach the world’s largest audience of business professionals with LinkedIn. LinkedIn Marketing Solutions http://marketing. linkedin. com/contact Copyright  © 2011 LinkedIn Corporation. LinkedIn, the LinkedIn logo, and InMail are registered trademarks of LinkedIn Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. All rights reserved. 10-LCS-032-G 0511

Narrative Essay Skills

Narrative Writing Lesson plans and other teaching resources Action Chains Students learn to elaborate on an event in a narrative by expanding their sentences into action chains. Expanding single actions into an action chain provides the reader with a more detailed picture of an event in a narrative. This lesson is designed for grades 3-5. Active Beginnings This 3-page printable handout focuses on crafting strong leads. It is designed for elementary students and requires Adobe Reader or compatible application.Constructing Narratives: A Unit Plan for Taking Apart and Reconstructing Stories This lesson is designed as a project-based unit plan that will take students through the narrative process from deconstruction to construction. After initial discussion, students will use an interactive story map to deconstruct a short story. Students will use pictures to put together a PowerPoint-based storyboard that other students will use to construct a story. This unit is designed for grades 6-8 .From Object to Story: Writing a Historical Narrative Featuring an Artifact from One's Family History Students share observations about the history of familial artifacts. They then research the history and cultural significance of selected objects to prepare their own historical narratives. Includes short reading as prewriting activity. Getting Hooked: Introduction for a Narrative Students will be able to identify techniques for writing an introduction for a narrative and use them effectively. This lesson is designed for grades 2-4.Hands, Hands, Hands – Writing a Narrative Essay from the Perspective of a Particular Hand The teacher will show pictures of six hands to students (pictures included with other handouts). After a brainstorming session, students will choose one hand that illustrates a particular story from their life. Then students will write a two page narrative essay about this story. These stories will be posted on a class blog to allow for feedback and discussion from classmates. In Search Of Wisdom: An Interview With An Elder Students develop interview questions, interview someone aged 60 or older, and write a narrative using that person's voice.Incorporating Flashbacks in Narrative Text — The Sinking of the U. S. S. Indianapolis Students watch a 2:25 video segment that shows an interview with one of the survivors of the U. S. S. Indianapolis who recalls the sinking of the ship and his survival. Students then create an original narrative that utilizes flashback to tell the survivor's story. This lesson is designed for grades 8-10 and includes links to the downloadable video and all support materials. Make Kids' Writing Shine: Using Beginnings and Endings to Teach Craft Strategies to build elementary writing skills.Scroll down for revision and assessment ideas, resources. Memory Preservation–One Relative at a Time After organizing and conducting an interview of a grandparent/senior citizen, students create a slideshow presenta tion using the information and memorabilia collected at the interview. This lesson plan includes rubric and model. It is designed for 8th grade. Narrative Writing & Reading Core Skills Lesson Plan Creating a story is like magic! Grab your magician's hat and wand for this activity. Teach core curriculum concepts of narrative writing (story creation) through the use of characters, setting, and plot.Also teaches skills needed to meet language arts reading and writing core curriculum standards that require the ability to describe characters, settings, and major events in a story. Designed for elementary students. Nibble, Nibble, Little Mouse Students in grades 6-8 explore the implications of point of view in literature and write a narrative, retelling a traditional story from a different character's point of view. A Picture's Worth a Thousand Words Students are given a picture that tells a story. They brainstorm words and ideas, then write a story based on what they see.This lesson is d esigned for grades 6-8. Note: more ideas for teaching the personal narrative can be found on the Biography page. Prewriting Exercises for Personal Narratives Ten activities for personal narrative writing. Savvy Story Structurestudents learn to actively engage in reading by becoming more familiar with the elements of a story. Students will be required to think at a higher level and will enhance their understanding of selected passages and stories. Students should also begin to relate stories to their own lives. Designed for grades 3-5.Ten Narrative Writing Prompts These prompts are designed for high school and college students, but it might be possible to modify some of them for younger students. Tir Nan Og This 4:04 video offers many options: introduction to linear narrative, making predictions, sequencing, writing descriptions, adding dialogue. Using Music to Teach Personal Narrative Students use songs like â€Å"Snapshots† and â€Å"Crossing the Border† to reflect on their own experience. From the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Using Personal Photographs to Spark Narrative WritingThe lesson plan asks students to bring in a photograph that has special meaning for them and to write about it. Using Pictures to Teach Narrative Writing with Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry Students respond to pictures depicting segregation. They write a story from the point of view of someone in the picture. Writing to Photography/Photography to Writing A teacher designed this project with two goals in mind: (1) to improve students' writing by incorporating photography into descriptive and narrative writing exercises designed to inspire more varied and creative perspectives, and (2) to enhance visual as well as verbal literacy.

Online Games

The effect of Online Games to the academic performance of the Students.. .. it is a habit that many of us teenager get hooked up. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group.The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental g roup and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups.College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study.Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used.Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group.Th ere were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group.The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups.College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups.College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups.College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups.